Henry "Shorpy" Higginbotham, 1910

Shorpy Higginbotham
Bessie Mine "greaser" was the
poster child for
child labor reform

[This recent article by John Morse can be found on the museum's blog: 1731 Blog Avenue.]

If you frequent history-themed weblogs — as I'm sure you do — you may have spent some time at  Shorpy.com. The "100-year-old photo blog" showcases high-resolution photography, mostly from before the mid-20th century. The site's archives include a fair number of very interesting Alabama pictures.

The site's catchy name is derived from the subject of a handful of photographs taken in December 1910 by Lewis Wickes Hine for the National Child Labor Committee, which would hold its Spring 1911 conference in Birmingham.

Shorpy at Bessie Mines, 1910

The dire need for labor during the Magic City'sboom years sent not only children, but also convicts, migrants, and a large number of immigrant laborers into the ground to bring up coal and ore. Hine spent several weeks that winter scouting out child workers, ranging from young mill workers in Avondale to couriers and buskers who worked on the bustling downtown streets, to boys employed in surface operations at the mining camps scattered throughout the Birmingham District's coal fields. He photographed and interviewed as many as he could and wrote up brief reports, highlighting dangerous conditions, long hours, and limited opportunities for education or other means for personal improvement.

At the Bessie Mine, near Dora in Walker County, Hine encountered Henry Sharp Higginbotham, who despite the photographer's skepticism, was every bit of the 14 years he claimed. Higginbotham was the 6th of 10 children born to Felix and Mary Jane Higginbotham of Nauvoo. He and his siblings were employed as  "greasers" at the mines; wiping dust and grit from the mine-car and tipple tracks and spreading grease from heavy buckets to keep them running smoothly. In his reports, Hine recorded Higginbotham's nickname as "Shorpy" (perhaps in error, as surviving relatives remember his as "Sharp", and "Sharpy" was used in census forms).

Hine's portraits of "Shorpy" and other children working in the Birmingham District were presented to the National Conference at Birmingham's Orpheum Theatre. Leading researchers, activists, and proponents of progressive  federal legislation participated in the conference. Florence Kelley and Jane Addams were feted at a luncheon recognizing the contributions of women to child labor reform. Former president Theodore Roosevelt was also visiting Birmingham. He delivered an address to the conference on "The Conservation of Childhood" and voiced hopes that the special conditions in the South would help the region find ways to avoid the degeneracy endemic to industrial centers of Europe and the Northeast.

Eight years after Hine packed up his cameras, the 22-year-old Higginbotham enlisted for the draft and was assigned to the 8th Company of the 1st Battalion Infantry Replacement Division at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. He did not see action overseas during World War I and, after his discharge, returned to the mines, finding work in Sayre.

The Birmingham History Center houses a display of mining equipment and other artifacts. Those interested may also want to visit the Iron & Steel Museum of Alabama at Tannehill State Park or the Alabama Mining Museum in Dora.